2015上海中考英语复习：时态、语态

　　1、根据语言习惯来确定时态

　　*1.come,go,leave 等趋向性动词的进行时可用来表示即将发生的动作. *2.永恒的真理和客观存在的状态用一般现在时. *3.祈使句中,或在情态动词,助动词后,谓语动词用原形 2、注意所填动词的语态

　　1. be busy,what about等后用动词的-ing 形式.    2.在介词后一般应用动词的-ing 形式.

　　3.在 keep,enjoy,finish,mind 等动词后采用动词的--ing 形式.         4.在动词 decide,hope,wish,hate 等动词后应用动词不定式作宾语,

　　而在ask, tell,want,teach 之后则用动词不定式的复合结构,即 "ask sb. to do sth."的形式  5.在see,hear,watch,make,let,make.have等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略动词不定式符号" to", 但在被动句中, 应添上"to".

　　6.在 It"s time(for sb.)to do sth.    It's kind/nice/good of sb. to do sth.

　　It takes sb. some time to do sth. 的句型中, 动词不定式短语作句子真正的主语.

　　7.疑问代词/副词 (why 除外) + to do sth. 结构,可在句中作主语, 表语和宾语

　　8.常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下

　　come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at      open-----be open

　　die------be dead               close----be closed

　　become---be                 borrow---keep

　　begin/start-----be on          put on----wear

　　leave-----be away (from)      buy-----have    fall asleep----be asleep

　　end/finish-----be over           catch a cold-----have a cold

　　join the army----be in the army      be a soldier

　　join the Party----be in the Party      be a Party member

　　My brother has been in the army for two years.

　　My brother has been a soldier for two years.

　　9.现在完成时中的 for 与 since

　　for + 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用       since + 时间点/从句

　　eg. I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago.

　　It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.

　　eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.

　　注意:1.since 引导的从句中动词用过去时

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