2018年上海中考英语复习系列七（阅读理解应试指导）(3)

　　考查学生根据短文的内容进行简单的判断或推理的能力。中考阅读理解不仅要读懂一个个的句子，而且要理解这些句子之间的内在联系。如果上下文之间存在未充分表达的内容，学生就应该充分激活头脑中的知识和经验，根据字面意思和句子的意思，通过语篇逻辑关系来研究细节的暗示、推敲作者的态度、理解文章的寓意。这就是我们平时所说的深层理解。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠于原文，要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知的知识来推断未知的知识，不能凭空想象、随意推测；它要求考生对文章的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，才能有推理的前提和基础。

　　判断推理题常见的设问方式：

　　1） It can be inferred/concluded that ___.

　　2） Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage？ 3） In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed？ 4） The passage implies， but doesn’t directly state that ___. 5） The writer suggests that ___.

　　6） What’s the author’s attitude toward ？？？

　　7） The writer probably feels that ___.？

　　8） The author uses the examples of ... to show that ___.？ 9） From the passage， we can see ____________. 10） According to the passage， we can infer __________________. 实例说明：

　　Take a class at Dulangkou School， and you’ll see lots of things different from other schools. You can see the desks are not in rows and students sit in groups. They put their desks together so they’re facing each other. How can they see the blackboard？ There are three blackboards on the three walls of the classroom！

　　The school calls the new way of learning “Tuantuanzuo”， meaning sitting in groups. Wei

　　Liying， a Junior 3 teacher， said it was to give students more chance to communicate.

　　Each group has five or six students， according to Wei， and they play different roles （角色）. There is a team leader who takes care of the whole group. There is a “study leader” who makes sure that everyone finishes their homework. And there is a discipline （纪律） leader who makes sure that nobody chats in class.

　　Wang Lin is a team leader. The 15-year-old said that having to deal with so many things was tiring.

　　“I just looked after my own business before，” said Wang. “But now I have to think about my five group members.”

　　But Wang has got used to it and can see the benefits （好处） now.

　　“I used to speak too little. But being a team leader means you have to talk a lot. You could even call me an excellent speaker today.”

　　Zhang Qi， 16， was weak in English. She used to get about 70 in English tests. But in a recent test， Zhang got a grade of more than 80.

　　“I rarely（很少）asked others when I had problems with my English. But now I can ask the team leader or study leader. They are really helpful.”

　　53. We can tell from the story that some students __________ this new way of learning. A. get benefits from B. are tired of C. cannot get used to D. hate 【解析】：A。写作意图推断题。从短文的作者写作意图可以判断作者是告诉人们杜朗口中学的学生从这种新的教学方法中得到益处。所以选择A。

　　B. 阅读理解的解题技巧：

　　I. 事实细节题的理解方法和技巧：

　　1.详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述题则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用“画图列表法”，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。

　　2.抓住文章的脉络和每一段中心，后面都是围绕这个中心展开分析，如为什么会出现这种现象。把握了文章的脉络后，相对来说定位就比较方便，解答细节题和主旨题就很方便了。 3.学会瞻前顾后和左顾右盼方法来理解细节题目，也就是从短文的上下联系来找到解决问题的关键细节。

　　4.注意引出细节的信息词，如：for example， an example of， the most important example， first， second， next， then， last， finally， to begin with， also， besides等。

　　II. 推理判断题的方法和技巧：

　　阅读理解题中难度最大且出现频率很高的是推理判断题，近几年的中考每年都保持在2、3题左右。这种题要求考生根据文章中出现的暗示，抓住内含语义，用逻辑思维的方法加以整理，然后做出合理的判断。推理的方法大致可分为：简单推理和复杂推理。 1、简单推理

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