来源:本站原创 2010-06-12 14:05:18
助动词和情态动词:助动词本身没有词义,它只不过与实义动词一起构成谓语动词,形成了时态、语态、构成了疑问句,否定句,以及用来加强语气。而情态动词则表达一种可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测……的意图、倾向。也用来表示语气的委婉和祝愿。初中阶段主要有:can, could, may, might, will, would, must (have to), shall, should。?最后要谈论的是非谓语动词,非谓语动词分为不定式,和动词的ing形式,(即现在分词和动名词)。虽然在初中范围,这一项不是语法重点,但还是要花一定时间去学习,为的是打下良好的基础。为进一步学习提供良好的条件。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。如:To see is to believe.(百闻不如一见) He want to see a film? 还可以作补足语,如:He wants me to leave.也可以作状语,如:I come here to learn English.?动名词也可以起到上述作用,如:Seeing is believing. I like swimming very much. 而现在分词多用于作定语、补足语、状语,如: The girl driving a car is her sister.(定语) Did you notice his hand shaking?(宾语补足语)
Hearing the noise, we stopped talking.(状语)
(二) 正误辨析
[误] She laid down and soon fell asleep.
[正] She lay down and soon fell asleep.
[析] 考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放,lie躺,lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下:
lay (放) laid, laid, laying (及物动词)
lie (躺) lay, lain, lying (不及物动词)
lie (说谎) lied, lied, lying
[误] Please rise your hand.
[正] Please raise your hand.
[析] rise 是不及物动词,其后不能接宾语,如:The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物动词。
[误] I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.
[正] I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.
[析] like作为"喜欢"讲时,可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。? 但要注意的是like 与would连用时则一定要接不定式,如:Would you like to go with me?? 再有一点要注意的是,like作为介词"像"讲时,只能用分词作其宾语。
[误] Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?
[正] Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?
[析] hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么,而listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向,如:listen! Do you hear someone calling help?这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同,look重于"看"的倾向,而see重于看见没看见。
[误] Did you watch some film recently?
[正] Did you see some film recently?
[析] 英语中see 与 watch 各有不同的用处,see用于看电影、剧目,而watch用作看电视和看球赛。
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